Anna Eliza Jenkins (September 10, 1866 - November 26, 1972) was an American mycologist. She specialized in phytopathology (plant diseases), particularly the fungi responsible for "spot anthracnose," including Sphaceloma and Elsinoë. Fungal taxa named in her honor include Stilbocreta jenkiana, Sphaceloma annajenkinsii, and Annajenkinsia.

Born on a farm near Walton, New York, Jenkins attended Walton High School, from which she graduated in 1907. She attended Cornell University, where she was influenced and encouraged by plant pathologists Herbert Hice Whetzel and Louis Melville Massey. She earned her B.Sc. in 1911 and her master's degree in 1912. She earned her Ph.D. in 1927 after further study at George Washington University and graduate work at Cornell.

At Cornell, Jenkins served as assistant pathologist from 1910 to 1912. She entered the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 1912 as an Assistant Scientist in the old Bureau of Plant Industry. In her early employment, she concentrated on the taxonomy and life history of new or little-known fungi or economic importance and the identification of plant-quarantine interceptions. She later studied fungi causing crop disease, such as Sclerotinia on mulberry, Botryosphaeria on hemp, Elsinoë on lima beans, and pathogens affecting roses. She progressed in grade and title to Assistant Mycologist from 1922 to 1927, Associate Mycologist from 1927 to 1945, and Mycologist from 1945 to 1952. In 1952, she accepted a foreign assignment at the Instituto Biologico, Sao Paulo, Brazil, under the Point IV program of the Office of Foreign Agricultural Relations of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, where she worked until 1954. From 1954 to 1956, she worked under the auspices of the U.S. Operations Mission to Brazil of the International Cooperation Administration. In 1956, she was selected as a corresponding member of the Academia Brasileira de Ciencias. In 1959, the Medal of Merit of Dom João VI was presented to her by the Ministry of Agriculture of Brazil for the excellence of her work and for her part in solving devastating plant disease problems in Brazil.

Dr. Jekins presented her work at various meetings of the American Phytopathological Society and the Mycological Society of America. She also participated in several International Botanical Congresses. She was a member of the American Phytopathological Society, the Society of Sigma Xi, and Society of Agricultural Scientists, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington Academy of Sciences, and both the Biological and Botanical Societies of Washington.